TGFB1 and neoplasm: High plasma levels of CXCL1 along with TGF-β in patients with metastatic breast cancer were also associated with increased detection of circulating tumor cells (TGF-β p < 0.0001; CXCL1 p = 0.02) and shorter overall survival (CXCL1 p = 0.05; CXCL1+ TGF-β p = 0.001) [33].