Regarding TNBC, characterized by a particularly unfavorable prognosis, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL8 are found to be strongly overexpressed relative to luminal types of breast cancer, suggesting that these chemokines can be used to differentiate cancer subtypes or as potential indirect therapeutic targets. Here, CXCL1 is linked to breast cancer.