The main risk factors for the development of SBP include high serum bilirubin levels, prior episodes of SBP, ascites protein levels <1g/dL and advanced liver disease [76]; cirrhotic patients with nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) and TLR2 polymorphisms are at greater risk of developing SBP, showing a higher mortality than patients carrying minor alleles, together with an increased intestinal permeability and elevated markers of bacterial translocation [77,78]. The gene discussed is NOD2; the disease is liver disorder.