TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: Plasma levels of Th1 (TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-α, and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) cytokines in the SLE, OA, and healthy control groups were quantified using a magnetic 30-plex panel based on Luminex xMAP technology.