We then further validated the diagnostic effect of both genes in the validation dataset (Fig. 7E,F): BTK (AUC = 0.861) and ITGAL (AUC = 0.832) in atherosclerosis; and BTK (AUC = 0.810) and ITGAL (AUC = 0.835) in periodontitis. The gene discussed is ITGAL; the disease is periodontitis.