Our analysis of 4 different patient groups: healthy controls, patients with cancer treated with ICB, patients with autoimmune SLE, and patients with two distinct IEI (CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency and NFKB1 haploinsufficiency) demonstrates a homogeneity of the ABC differentiation states irrespective of the specific cause. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is cancer.