Furthermore, according to a study by Madi et al. [101], elevated expressions of adenosine A3 receptors were observed in human colon and breast carcinomas as well as lymph node metastatic tissues, in comparison to the adjacent healthy or non-neoplastic tissues., while Jafari et al. [102] demonstrated that an A3AR agonist reduces mammosphere formation in a dose-dependent manner in breast cancer stem cells by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Here, ADORA3 is linked to breast cancer.