In cancer cells, multidrug resistance (MDR) as a phenomenon is caused by the over-expression of ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1 or MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins MRPs (ABCC1), and breast cancer resistance protein BCRP (ABCG2) leading to the removal of drugs from the cell, thereby reducing their concentration below the effective level. Here, ABCC1 is linked to cancer.