PPARA and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Resultantly, the expression of lipid metabolism-linked proteins including p-AMPK, SREBP-1c, PPAR-α and CPT-1 was investigated in the FFA-induced NAFLD model of HepG2 cells to further explore the molecular mechanisms of MSP2, MSP8, MSP10, MSP13 and MSP18 inhibiting lipid accumulation (Figure 9).