This is the case for plasma prostate-specific antigen (PSA, ng/mL) screening, which, on the one hand, has helped reduce PCa-specific mortality over the last 30 years, but, on the other hand, has led to major overdiagnosis and over-treatment when used indiscriminately, due to its lack of specificity (being increased in other benign PCa-related diseases, such as prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, etc.)[4]. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and benign prostatic hyperplasia.