Short sleep duration was found to be associated with alterations in tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotypes, specifically higher TLR4 expression, which plays an important role in tumor progression [91]; moreover, an experimental animal model of colon cancer study determined a certain relationship between the impact of sleep fragmentation and ROS-induced DNA damage, which in turn leads to cancerogenesis [92]. Here, TLR4 is linked to colonic neoplasm.