LPA and diabetes mellitus: In the DM group, Kaplan–Meier curves exhibited that patients with Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL had elevated risk of MACE (Plog-rank = 0.007, Fig. 2I), whereas no significant differences were detected in the four groups based on Lp(a) levels (Plog-rank = 0.06, S Additional file 4: Fig. S4I).