However, antibacterial IgA levels in RM milk may have been higher at earlier time points since clinical studies have shown that antibacterial IgA levels can be several fold higher in early colostrum compared to later milk samples from mothers immunized with Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis) or meningococcal (Neisseria meningitidis) vaccines during pregnancy47,48 and more studies are needed to assess these early time points in relation to the positive infant outcomes observed in this rhesus macaque model. The gene discussed is CD79A; the disease is pertussis.