Treatment with Akkermansia muciniphila did ameliorate liver disease, dyslipidaemia, and IR in different mouse models.59,60 In a double-blind randomized proof of concept study enrolling 40 overweight humans, pasteurized A. muciniphila improved insulin sensitivity and reduced plasma cholesterol.61 An important role of the microbiota in the development of liver disease was observed by the group of Friedman. This evidence concerns the gene INS and liver disorder.