These findings suggest that the development of iron deposition and neurodegeneration in BPAN is attributable to unknown non-autophagic functions of WIPI4, for example, in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus, as was also suggested for its most closely related yeast PROPPIN, Hsv2 (Fig. 8) (19). The gene discussed is WDR45; the disease is neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5.