VEGFA and Alzheimer disease: However, increasing physical activity in the course of AD upregulates VEGF expression, which is useful for hippocampal neurogenesis and improved synaptic plasticity, while the polymer of VEGF-C/VEGFR3 is useful for alleviating neuroinflammation, which not only induces M2-type polarization of microglia and promotes the production of anti-inflammatory factors, but also prevents neuronal apoptosis to some extent (Han et al., 2014).