The specific objectives of the study were to (i) confirm the overexpression of AATF in human HCC tissues and correlate AATF expression with different stages and grades of HCC; (ii) define the impact of AATF knockdown on key angiogenic properties of HCC; and (iii) identify the signaling pathway by which AATF inhibition suppresses angiogenesis in HCC. Here, AATF is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.