During the last decades, diverse non-invasive blood testing has been developed, plasma biomarkers (e.g. high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), biglycan (BGN), cytokeratin 18 (CK18), pro collagen III (Pro-C3) and plasma N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP)) are commonly used to reflect specific and complex molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD and NASH (154, 223). The gene discussed is BGN; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.