Other independent, multi-national groups have reported that the Martin/Hopkins equation was more accurate than Friedewald in racially diverse populations [11, 45, 49] as well as for LDL-C values <70 mg/dL [11, 47], and in patients taking proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin (PCSK9) inhibitors [10], patients with diabetes [50], and patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia [51]. This evidence concerns the gene PCSK9 and diabetes mellitus.