In 2018, Jiang et al. found that Emodin (1.25, 2.5, 5 μM), a significant component of rhubarb, can induce apoptosis in vivo (Xenograft Tumor Models) and in vitro in a time- and dose-dependent manner via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathways while activating MAPK signaling, and after Emodin treatment, caspase-3, bax, p38, ERK, JNK, and ROS were significantly upregulated whereas BCL-2 and Akt were downregulated (Jiang et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and neoplasm.