TNF and membranous glomerulonephritis: Studies (Bantis, Heering et al., 2006) have revealed that the G-308A polymorphism of the TNF-α gene is associated with the expression of the −308A allele and the increase of TNF-α production, making TNF a risk factor for membranous glomerulonephritis (Müller, Hoppe et al., 2019).