PDCD1 and cancer: Therefore, antibodies targeting these checkpoints, such as PD-1 and PD-L1, targetting antibodies (atezolizumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, durvalumab, avelumab, toripalimab, sintilimab, and camrelizumab), and CTLA-4 blocker targetting antibodies (ipilimumab), received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicine Agency (EMA) accreditation to consider as a standard of care in several advanced cancers such as lymphoma, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), prostate cancer, neck cancer, bladder cancer, and kidney cancer (Xin Yu et al., 2019).