MTOR and neoplasm: Our results demonstrated that among the modulators, allthe autophagy inhibitors, vinblastine, nocodazole, ammonium chloride,and chloroquine inhibited the viability of CCA cells; however, weselected the most effective inhibitors as nocodazole and chloroquine.PP242 is an autophagy activator through inhibiting mTOR, which playsan active role in promoting tumor growth.