It has been reportedthat autophagy modulators used in CCA cells promote cell death.36,37 The autophagy modulators such as chloroquine and ammonium chloridefor autophagosomal degradation, nocodazole and vinblastine for autophagosome–lysosomefusion, and PP242 for the mTOR inhibitor were utilized in this study.In our study, the combinations of the HDACis with increasing dosesof autophagy modulators showed that the best combinatorial effectwithnocodazole combinations. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.