PTGS2 and cancer: Other suggested mechanisms of garcinol’s anticancer effect is interference with NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2 (especially in the inflammatory-induced cancers, such as colorectal cancer), VEGF, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) pathway (Liu et al. 2015; Schobert and Biersack 2019).