Nonetheless, tumor stem cells (CSCs), a subgroup of colon cancer cells, can counteract 5-FU-induced oxidative damage in colon cancer cells by producing an adaptive cellular response to ROS, closely related to Nrf2 activation, which causes upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and increases cancer cell resistance to 5-FU (147, 148). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to malignant colon neoplasm.