As example, it has been demonstrated that IL-10 production is crucial to counter-regulate the harmful inflammatory response activated during acute infections with T. gondii (130), T. cruzi (131), H. hepaticus (132, 133) and influenza (134), while increased IL-10 expression level has been linked to reduced T cell activity and enhanced pathogen replication during chronic infections with T. gondii (130, 135), Leishmania (136, 137), EBV (138), HIV (101, 139, 140) and hepatitis B (HBV) (141, 142). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is influenza.