Interestingly, we identified a significant increase in the levels of circulating IL-10 in the serum of whole blood in OGJ cancer patients post-operatively on POD 1, 7 and 42 highlighting that the immunosuppressive arm of the immune system was engaged post-oesophagectomy, which may be detrimental in the elaboration of anti-cancer Th1 immune responses and cancer immune surveillance, conversely promoting tumour recurrence and dissemination in the post-operative adjuvant setting (Figure 1M, 3.1 ± 0.5, 1.7 ± 0.1, 2.6 ± 1.2 vs. 0.1 ± 0.6%, p<0.001, p,0.001 and p=0.009). Here, IL10 is linked to neoplasm.