Animal models of deficient circulating IGF-1 usually exhibit impaired blood–brain barrier integrity (Hayes et al., 2021a), and in a stroke mouse model, IGF-1 infusion reduced blood–brain barrier permeability and decreased infarct volume caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion in middle-aged female rats (Bake et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and Stroke.