However, the expression of most of the cytokines/chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CXCL1, IL-6, and Serpin E1) was higher in response to Sp-HUS EVs than WT EVs (Fig. 7H), suggesting that EVs isolated from the HUS strain elicit a stronger innate immune response compared with the reference strain-derived EVs. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and hemolytic-uremic syndrome.