There are currently five drugs approved by international regulatory agencies such as the US-FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) and the EMA (European Medicines Agency) for the treatment of the cognitive manifestations of AD and the improvement of the quality of life of patients: tacrine (now withdrawn from the market), donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine as reversible AChE inhibitors, and memantine as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist (Fig. 1) [5, 6, 18]. The gene discussed is ACHE; the disease is Alzheimer disease.