Higher levels of vasopressin along with increased V2R signaling have been implicated in worsening diabetic nephropathy.78, –80 It is known that at least some of the deleterious effects of vasopressin on the progression of diabetic nephropathy are due to increases in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic activity. This evidence concerns the gene AVPR2 and diabetic kidney disease.