At a fixed SP of 83%, the two-marker panel of CA-125 and VCAM-1 performed best in separating primary from recurrent tumors due to a significant improvement in the SN (70.8% versus 37.5%), demonstrating that VCAM-1 is complementary to CA-125 for the identification of recurrent ovarian cancer. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is ovarian carcinoma.