VCAM1 and ovarian carcinoma: Yurkovetsky et al. reported that, from a set of 96 candidate serum biomarkers, a four-marker panel of CA125, HE4, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and VCAM-1 showed the best diagnostic performance with an SN of 86% or 93% for early-stage or late-stage ovarian cancer, respectively, at a fixed SP of 98% [13].