CXCL8 and infection: The interactions between BMVs and neutrophils can be categorized into two groups: immunomodulatory effects and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)‐related effects.[148, 149] Foremost, direct stimulation of human neutrophils with OMVs from N. meningitidis and S. aureus MVs results in induction of TNF and IL‐1β and upregulation of CXCL8, CCL3, and CCL4 expression.[85, 150] Indirectly, neutrophils can migrate to the site of infection in response to chemo‐attractants and chemokines released by epithelial cells or macrophages.