Conversely, elevated serum levels of HMGB1 were noted in cachexia than non-cachexia colon cancer patients, and exosomes generated by the CT26 colon cancer cells induced muscle wasting like phenotype in C2C12 myotubes and mice via the activation of TLR4-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway45. Here, TLR4 is linked to malignant colon neoplasm.