While NF-κB activity is a well-known regulator of downstream transcription of a variety of inflammatory mediators including cytokines, interleukins, and TNF-α, it is also the chief inducer of COX-2 expression, which is known to be a key driver of RCC progression [72–75], prompting our investigation into COX-2 here. Here, TNF is linked to renal cell carcinoma.