MAPK4 and cancer: Among the PPI proteins, six kinases were found to be associated with cancer pathways, including mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), Activin receptor type 1C (ACVR1C), Phosphorylase kinase catalytic subunit gamma 1 (PHKG1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MAPK4) (Fig. 7B).