Collectively, these findings indicate that BrMs of NSCLC possessed an immunosuppressive TIME; anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy showed limited antitumor efficacy in patients with NSCLC and BrMs; the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 based combination treatment, especially anti-PD-1/PD-L1 plus anti-angiogenic treatment, could be an alternative and effective treatment option for patients with NSCLC and BrMs. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.