Using the samples from the CyTOF cohort, we found that the number of PD-1+CD8+ TRM cells in TB was significantly higher in the HBV+ group compared to HBV− group, and this phenomenon did not exist in INT, both of which were well consistent with our CyTOF results (Figs. 4A and B, Figure S4A). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is tuberculosis.