RAN and frontotemporal dementia: However, RAN translational initiation on CGG repeats also occurs within the repeat and in the absence of any near-cognate codons (Kearse et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2022), and at Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/ frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD)-associated GGGGCC repeats, RAN translation can occur through cap-independent mechanisms (Cheng et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2021).