IFNA1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Moreover, interferon (IFN)-based regimens for MS may carry the potential to trigger flares in patients with lupus, which is a disease with a prominent IFN signature.[16] However, DS in SLE is estimated to be rare (<1%), and few studies have described the clinical characteristics and outcomes of this potentially disabling condition.[17] Thus, the occurrence of DS in patients with SLE presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.