PARP1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: In nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, PARP-1 can activate autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway such that interfering with PARP-1 or AMPK activity can suppress autophagic activity and increase CNE-2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell sensitivity to radiation treatment (Chen et al., 2015; Chen, 2016).