Despite these caveats, S1R agonists and antagonists are under consideration for an ever-widening spectrum of pathologies ranging from COVID-19 treatment to cancer diagnosis, chronic pain remedies, and neurodegenerative disease therapeutics (Happy et al., 2015; Das et al., 2016; Vavers et al., 2019; Vela, 2020). Here, TMBIM4 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.