AKT1 and Parkinson disease: Previous studies have reported the central role of misregulated signaling cascade kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), in the pathogenesis of PD 38, 39.