There are also reports of increased release of autoinflammatory cytokines i.e. IL-1β and IL-18 by CGD-neutrophils (7, 8, 13, 21), increased interferon signatures in patients peripheral blood leukocytes (67) as well as increased TNFα and IL1β signaling in CGD-monocytes (68–71). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and chronic granulomatous disease.