ACE2 and endothelial dysfunction: In addition to ACE2-mediated viral entry, endothelial dysfunction, iron homeostasis imbalance, and psychosocial factors involved in pathological development, severe electrolyte disturbances, respiratory failure, and impaired mitochondria can also lead to cardiac involvement (Wu et al., 2020; Adeghate et al., 2021; Chang et al., 2023).