In addition, upregulation of ACE2 expression could be achieved by the SARS-CoV-2 S protein by promoting the formation of the TRPC3-NoX2 complex, which is an important target of viral infection and can lead to structural and functional damage of the heart, and the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus could promote the release of extracellular ATP through pannexin1 (Panx1), leading to increased reactive oxygen species production while promoting the formation of the TRPC3-NoX2 complex (Kato et al., 2022). Here, ACE2 is linked to viral infectious disease.