INS and Insulin resistance: Shin et al. found that SARS-CoV-2 infection can mediate an impaired insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway through interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), resulting in metabolic abnormalities and tissue damage such as insulin resistance, new-onset diabetes, etc., and IRF1 expression is higher in men, diabetic, and obese populations, a group that can develop a more severe outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Shin et al., 2022).