The levels of proinflammatory factors IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the serum of patients with CDI were significantly higher than those in healthy controls, while the level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly lower in patients with CDI than that in controls (Fig. 2D). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and clostridium difficile infection.