To test whether anti-inflammatory drugs can prevent the observed tissue and cellular damage observed upon infection, we used two different compounds targeting the TNF pathway, alone and in combination with ACV: first, necrostatin-1 (NEC-1), an RIP1-targeted inhibitor of TNF-induced necroptosis, and second, CDDO-Me, an NRF2 agonist that attenuates the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response37. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and infection.