MAX has both favorable and unfavorable consequences in tumorigenesis.16,18–20 We focused on MAX because we found higher human MAX protein and mRNA levels in PSC and CCA compared with normal liver, especially in the nucleus of human and mouse CCA (Figure 2A, B and Supplemental Figure S7A, B, http://links.lww.com/HC9/A356). The gene discussed is MAX; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.