• Intervention group:• 32 cases of HCC, 22 patients treated with surgical resection• Patients with normal initial AFP level compared with control group:• 5-y tumor-free survival 29% (p = 0.004)• 10-y tumor-free survival 24% (p = 0.024)• Patients with HCC in intervention vs. control group:• 5-year survival 42% (p = 0.008)• 10-y survival 30% (p = 0.07). Here, AFP is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.