TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Many cytokines, including IL-1, TNF-, and IL-6, play important roles in ALI/ARDS, primarily via the MPAK1 signal transduction pathway (87), The study discovered that an inhibitor of MAPK3/MAPK1 following carrageenan induced a reduction in all inflammation parameters assessed, which could be effective in the treatment of numerous inflammatory illnesses (88),Therefore, we have reason to believe that regulating MAPK pathway has positive significance for improving the expression of inflammatory factors in COVID-19.