MALAT1 and cancer: LncRNAs have been shown to be expressed in all major cancer types, contribute to the hallmarks of cancer, and can act as oncogenes (“onco-lncRNAs”, such as HOTAIR, NEAT1 and MALAT1) or tumor suppressors (e.g. GAS5, MEG3, NBAT and LINC-PINT) (67, 145–147).